可降解顆粒在用於地下（xià）應用要點

可降解顆粒包括在用於地（dì）下應用如鑽井中能進行不可逆降解的可降解材（cái）料（liào）(其通常是可降解聚合（hé）物)。此處所使用的術語"一種顆粒（lì）"或"多種顆粒"是指具有以下物理形狀的一種或（huò）多種微粒薄層、刨花、纖（xiān）維、小（xiǎo）薄（báo）片、帶（dài）狀、棒、條、球體、超環狀、小球狀、片或其它合適形狀的。

Degradable particles include degradable materials (usually degradable polymers) that can be irreversibly degraded in underground applications such as drilling. The term "one particle" or "multiple particles" as used herein refers to one or more thin layers of particles, shavings, fibers, small sheets, ribbons, rods, strips, spheres, super rings, small spheres, sheets or other suitable shapes with the following physical shapes.

這種降（jiàng）解可以尤其是由化學或熱反應或輻射引發的（de）反應中所（suǒ）產生的。作為此處所用術語"一種聚合物"或"多種聚合物"並不暗示特定聚合（hé）度，例如（rú），此定義還包括低聚物（wù）。可降解聚合物的可降（jiàng）解度通常少（shǎo）部分地（dì）取決於其骨架結構。例如：

This degradation can occur especially in reactions initiated by chemical or thermal reactions or radiation. As used herein, the terms "one polymer" or "multiple polymers" do not imply a specific degree of polymerization, for example, this definition also includes oligomers. The degree of degradability of degradable polymers usually depends at least in part on their skeleton structure. For example:

在骨架中存在（zài）的可水解和/或可氧化的鍵（jiàn）通（tōng）常能產生可以如下所述進行降解的（de）材料。這些聚合物的降解速（sù）率取決於重（chóng）複單元的類（lèi）型、組成、序列、長度（dù）、分子幾何形狀、分（fèn）子量、形態(例如結晶度、球晶尺（chǐ）寸以及取向度)、親水（shuǐ）性、疏水性、表麵積和添加劑。

Hydrolyzable and/or oxidable bonds present in the skeleton can generally produce materials that can be degraded as described below. The degradation rate of these polymers depends on the type, composition, sequence, length, molecular geometry, molecular weight, morphology (such as crystallinity, spherulite size, and orientation), hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, surface area, and additives of the repeating units.

另外，該聚合物所（suǒ）處環境如溫度、水分的存在、氧氣（qì）、微生物、酶、pH等（děng）會影響其如何降解（jiě）。可降解聚合物的物理性能取決於諸如重複單元（yuán）的組成、鏈的柔性、極性基團的存在、分子（zǐ）質量、支化度、結晶度、取向度（dù）等幾個因素。

In addition, the environment of the polymer, such as temperature, the presence of water, oxygen, microorganisms, enzymes, pH, etc., will affect how it is degraded. The physical properties of degradable polymers depend on several factors, such as the composition of repeating units, the flexibility of chains, the existence of polar groups, molecular weight, degree of branching, degree of crystallinity, and degree of orientation.

為（wéi）了使用乳液法製備可降解顆粒，一般將可降解聚合物（wù）材料如聚(乳酸)溶解於鹵化溶劑如二氯（lǜ）甲烷中以形成聚合物溶（róng）液（yè），隨後在充分剪切下向該聚合物溶液加入水和表（biǎo）麵活性劑以形成（chéng）乳（rǔ）液。

In order to prepare degradable particles by the lotion method, degradable polymer materials such as poly (lactic acid) are generally dissolved in halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane to form a polymer solution, and then water and surfactant are added to the polymer solution under full shear to form a lotion.

與目前製備可降解顆粒方法相（xiàng）關的一個問題是表麵（miàn）活性劑和/或多溶劑的必要性，乳液（yè）法和（hé）溶液沉澱法都（dōu）需要使用不止一種的溶劑和/或表（biǎo）麵（miàn）活（huó）性劑。而且在（zài）這些方法中可能使用的（de）鹵化溶劑會造成健康問題並且影響環境。因此，不需要使用表麵活性劑和/或包括鹵化溶（róng）劑在內的（de）多種溶劑的製（zhì）備可降解顆粒的方法會是有益的，並且更節（jiē）省成本。

A problem related to the current methods of preparing degradable particles is the necessity of surfactants and/or multi solvents. Both the lotion method and the solution precipitation method need to use more than one solvent and/or surfactant. Moreover, halogenated solvents that may be used in these methods will cause health problems and affect the environment. Therefore, a method for preparing degradable particles without using surfactants and/or multiple solvents including halogenated solvents would be beneficial and more cost-effective.

可降解顆粒包括在用於地下應用要點就講解到這裏了，您（nín）對此有什麽想谘詢的問題或者需（xū）求（qiú）可以隨時（shí）來我們網站https://www.shuiniguan.com看看！

The key points of the application of degradable particles for underground use will be explained here. If you have any questions or needs, you can come to our website at any time https://www.shuiniguan.com have a look!