用農作物秸稈生產一次（cì）性餐具的技術（shù）

市場中應用的一（yī）次性（xìng）餐具(含快餐盒,下（xià）同)多數是用白色的聚苯乙烯（xī）材料來製作的,該餐具主要的優點是質輕（qīng）、價廉、保溫性好,在方麵則也具有特定的優點,一次性餐具（jù）廠家進行大批量生產每隻（zhī）也就幾分錢。我國人口這麽多,一次性餐（cān）具（jù）市（shì）場銷（xiāo）量相當火,隻（zhī）快餐盒年耗用量就能達（dá）150億隻以上,若加上（shàng）快餐盤碗、杯與冷飲容器等,數量越大。但這種（zhǒng）餐具也有其較大的弱點,它的原材料為（wéi）白色塑料使用後不能降解,到處丟棄定然汙染公（gōng）共場所與環境、較難處理（lǐ）等問題。

Most disposable tableware (including fast food boxes, the same below) used in the market are made of white polystyrene material. The main advantages of this tableware are light weight, low price, and good insulation. In terms of price, it also has specific advantages. Disposable tableware manufacturers can produce them in large quantities for only a few cents each. With such a large population in our country, the sales of disposable tableware in the market are quite hot. The annual consumption of fast food boxes alone can reach over 15 billion. If we add fast food plates, bowls, cups, and cold drink containers, the larger the quantity. But this type of tableware also has its major weaknesses. Its raw material is white plastic, which cannot be degraded after use. If discarded everywhere, it will inevitably pollute public places and the environment, and it is difficult to handle.

同時據研（yán）究報道（dào）:一次性（xìng）泡沫塑料餐具在遇到熱湯熱飯時,會產生16種損害素,人們在不知不覺（jiào）中就可能將損害素溶化（huà）在（zài）食物（wù）中,這將對人（rén）們的身體健（jiàn）康造成一定的危害。因而從70年代以來,一次性（xìng）餐具廠家都在研究開發不汙染的一次性（xìng）餐具。

At the same time, it is reported that the disposable foam tableware will produce 16 kinds of damaging elements when encountering hot soup and hot meal. People may dissolve damaging elements in food unconsciously, which will cause certain harm to people's health. Therefore, since the 1970s, disposable tableware manufacturers have been researching and developing non polluting disposable tableware.

現在我國不少有遠見的（de）企業紛紛把目光投向新型的一次性餐（cān）具。現將幾種新型的餐具材料、設備、生產工藝、單隻生產（chǎn）成本作一初淺的探討。

Many visionary enterprises in China are now turning their attention to new types of disposable tableware. This article will briefly discuss several new types of tableware materials, equipment, production processes, and individual production costs.

用農（nóng）作物秸稈（gǎn）生產（chǎn）餐具（jù）的設備技術：

Equipment technology for producing tableware using crop straw:

這種一次性餐具的原料為:玉米秸稈、高梁稈、麥稈、稻草、稻殼、樹木（mù）樹枝、茅草、蘆葦、蒿草等。該產品原料可達100多（duō）種,其中不少是農村到處可見的廢棄物,其資源可（kě）謂是取（qǔ）之不盡,用之不（bú）完。

The raw materials for this disposable tableware are corn straw, sorghum straw, wheat straw, rice straw, rice husk, tree branches, thatch, reed, artemisia annua, etc. The raw materials for this product can reach over 100 types, many of which are waste materials that can be seen everywhere in rural areas. Its resources can be said to be inexhaustible and inexhaustible.

利用秸稈、穀物等原料生產餐具盒的（de）工（gōng）藝流程為:農作物秸（jiē）稈原材料處理一粉碎機粉（fěn）碎一-配比混合(加入粘合劑攪拌（bàn）)一一定量給料一一模壓成型（xíng）一（yī）一表麵塗膠一烘幹一消（xiāo）菌一一成品包裝。

The technological process of producing tableware boxes from straw, grain and other raw materials is as follows: processing of crop straw raw materials - pulverizer crushing - proportioning mixing (adding adhesive for mixing) - quantitative feeding - molding - surface coating - drying - sterilization - finished product packaging.

生產設備主要為:原料粉碎機、混合攪拌機、定量（liàng）給料（liào）機、模壓成型（xíng）機、塗淋（lín）機、烘幹（gàn）消（xiāo）菌設（shè）備。一（yī）次性餐具廠家用秸稈原料（liào）生產的餐具盒經有關機關部門檢測,各項技術指標（biāo）全符合相關規（guī）定的標準,並作（zuò）了降解性（xìng）能試（shì）驗,將使用過的餐具埋在地下不大於（yú）3個月即能降（jiàng）解。

The production equipment mainly includes: raw material crusher, mixing mixer, quantitative feeder, molding machine, coating machine, drying and sterilization equipment. The tableware boxes produced by disposable tableware manufacturers using straw raw materials have been tested by relevant government departments, and all technical indicators meet the relevant standards. Degradation performance tests have been conducted, and used tableware can be degraded after being buried underground for no more than 3 months.

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