熱塑改性（xìng）澱粉基生物降解塑料也可以做餐具？

Natural starch is a natural polyhydroxy compound with a large number of hydrogen bonds between molecules. This strong intermolecular interaction causes its decomposition temperature to be lower than the melting temperature, resulting in the lack of processability of natural starch.

在澱粉中加入小分子（zǐ）增塑劑，經過高（gāo）溫、高壓和剪切作（zuò）用能夠使澱粉具有（yǒu）可（kě）加（jiā）工性能，使（shǐ）天然澱粉變成熱塑性澱粉。

Adding small molecule plasticizers to starch can enhance its processability through high temperature, high pressure, and shear, transforming natural starch into thermoplastic starch.

製作熱（rè）塑性澱粉的常用方法是將澱粉、甘（gān）油和水（shuǐ）充分混合分散，在一定溫（wēn）度下攪拌一定時間，獲得凝膠狀態（tài）的熱塑性澱粉。進一步添加增強劑，對熱塑性澱粉材料的性能進行改善。

The common method for preparing thermoplastic starch is to fully mix and disperse starch, glycerin and water, and stir at a certain temperature for a certain time to obtain thermoplastic starch in gel state. Further addition of reinforcing agents can improve the performance of thermoplastic starch materials.

為獲得容易被生物降解、可取代石油衍生物（wù）的包裝材料（liào），研究者以不同植物來源的澱粉為原料，添加（jiā）一定量的甘油，采用流延法製備了熱塑性澱粉基薄（báo）膜。熱塑改性後的澱粉具（jù）有大的澱粉結構域、良好的熱穩定性（xìng）能和抗吸水性，但膜的剛度低（dī）。為改善對熱塑性澱粉膜的性能（néng），他（tā）們在熱塑性澱（diàn）粉基質中加入纖維素納米粒子，獲得的膜在剛性、熱穩定性、耐濕性（xìng）等方麵均有（yǒu）所提高。

In order to obtain packaging materials tha
t are easily biodegradable and can replace petroleum derivatives, researchers used starch from different plant sources as raw materials, added a certain amount of glycerol, and prepared thermoplastic starch based films using a tape casting method. The thermoplastic modified starch has a large starch structure domain, good thermal stability, and water resistance, but the membrane stiffness is low. To improve the performance of thermoplastic starch films, they added cellulose nanoparticles to the thermoplastic starch matrix, resulting in improved film rigidity, thermal stability, and moisture resistance.

利用甘油增塑改性玉米澱粉，然後將熱塑改性澱粉和蠟質澱粉、纖維素納米晶體複合，製備熱塑（sù）性玉米澱粉基生物納（nà）米複（fù）合材料。經複合後，材（cái）料的力學性能和透氧性提高，熱（rè）穩定性降低。

Using glycerol to plasticize and modify corn starch, thermoplastic modified starch is then compounded with waxy starch and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare thermoplastic corn starch based biocomposites. After composite, the mechanical properties and oxygen permeability of the material are improved, while the thermal stability is reduced.

從小麥秸稈中獲取納米纖維素， 將澱粉、甘油、納米纖維素混合並持（chí）續加（jiā）熱攪拌， 獲得黏稠的熱塑性澱（diàn）粉基複（fù）合物，並用流延法製作薄膜。相比於未複合納米（mǐ）纖（xiān）維素的薄膜，隨著納米纖維素含（hán）量的增加，複合薄膜的力學性能先增強後降低，這與纖維的團聚有關。

Obtain nanocellulose from wheat straw, mix starch, glycerol, and nanocellulose and continuously heat and stir to obtain a viscous thermoplastic starch based composite, and prepare a thin film using tape casting method. Compared to the film without composite nanocellulose, with the increase of nanocellulose content, the mechanical properties of the composite film first increase and then decrease, which is related to the aggregation of fibers.

將工（gōng）業玉米澱粉利用甘油熱塑改性（xìng）後，分別利用從劍麻、大麻中（zhōng）獲得的纖維增強（qiáng）熱塑玉米澱粉製備複合材料。發現劍麻和大麻纖維的（de）摻入使熱塑性玉米（mǐ）澱粉的玻璃化（huà）轉變溫度（Tg ） 升高，剛性增強，力學性能無顯著改變。此外，向複合材料（liào）中添加天然乳膠，進行增塑改性，改性後複合材料的吸水性降低，材料的熱穩定性和力學性能無明顯影響（xiǎng）。

After thermoplastic modification of industrial corn starch with glycerol, composite materials were prepared using fiber reinforced thermoplastic corn starch obtained from sisal and hemp, respectively. It was found that the addition of sisal and hemp fibers increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of thermoplastic corn starch, enhanced its rigidity, and did not significantly change its mechanical properties. In addition, adding natural latex to the composite material for plasticization modification resulted in a decrease in water absorption of the composite material, with no significant impact on its thermal stability and mechanical properties.

以D-山梨醇作為澱粉的塑化劑， 在加熱剪切的條件下對澱粉進行（háng）塑化改性。加入纖維素納米纖（xiān）維（wéi）（CNF）對熱（rè）塑改（gǎi）性的澱粉進行增強改（gǎi）性，發現（xiàn） CNF 可改善熱塑性澱（diàn）粉的力學性能和濕敏性。CNF在擠出過程中聚集，而螺杆擠出（chū）技術需要分散更均勻的複（fù）合物才能得到（dào）均勻的材料。

Using D-sorbitol as a plasticizer for starch, the starch was plasticized and modified under heating and shearing conditions. Adding cellulose nanofibers (CNF) to enhance and modify thermoplastic modified starch, it was found that CNF can improve the mechanical properties and moisture sensitivity of thermoplastic starch. CNF aggregates during the extrusion process, while screw extrusion technology requires more evenly dispersed composites to obtain uniform materials.

熱塑改性（xìng）的澱粉基生物降（jiàng）解塑料克服了天然（rán）澱粉不具加工性的缺陷，但製備的產品存在韌性差（chà）、 耐壓不高、易碎，特別（bié）是遇水後產品易軟化，使產品的使用性能受到影響。仍需進一步調整改進產品配方（fāng）和（hé）工藝，使產品具有更好的使用性能。

Thermoplastic modified starch based biodegradable plastics overcome the shortcomings of natural starch's non processability, but the prepared products have poor toughness, low pressure resistance, and are fragile, especially when exposed to water, which can easily soften the products and affect their performance. Further adjustments and improvements are still needed to improve the product formula and process, so that the product has better usability.

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