可（kě）降解塑料是什麽（me）材（cái）料做的？

可（kě）降解顆粒材料包括生物降（jiàng）解材料和光降解（jiě）材料等，由微生物合成的生物降解塑料，簡稱生物塑料（liào），包括生物聚酯、生物纖維（wéi）素、多糖類和聚（jù）氨基酸等，是（shì）一類能完全被（bèi）自然界中的微生物降解的塑料。

Biodegradable granular materials include biodegradable materials and photodegradable materials, etc. Biodegradable plastics synthesized by microorganisms, referred to as bioplastics, including biopolyesters, biocellulose, polysaccharides and polyamino acids, are a kind of plastics that can be completely degraded by microorganisms in nature.

根據可降解機理（lǐ）來（lái）看，可降解具體可分為光降解（jiě）、生物降解和水降解等三類。

According to the mechanism of biodegradation, biodegradation can be divided into three categories: photodegradation, biodegradation and water degradation.

光降解塑料：將光敏劑摻在塑料中，在太陽光照射作用下，塑料逐漸分解。但其缺點是，降解時間受到太陽光和氣候（hòu）環境的影響，因此無法（fǎ）控製。

Photodegradable plastic: add photosensitizer into the plastic, and the plastic will gradually decompose under the action of sunlight. However, its disadvantage is that the degradation time is affected by sunlight and climate, so it cannot be controlled.

生物降解塑料：指能被自然界中存在的（de）微生物，如細菌、黴菌和藻類等，在一定條件下分解為（wéi）低分子化合物的塑料。此類塑料貯存運輸方便，應用範圍較廣。

Biodegradable plastic: refers to plastic that can be decomposed into low-molecular compounds by microorganisms existing in nature, such as bacteria, mold and algae, under certain conditions. This kind of plastic is convenient for storage and transportation and has a wide range of applications.

水降解塑料：一種（zhǒng）在水中可以溶解的塑料，原因是其中添加了（le）吸水（shuǐ）性（xìng）物質。

Water-degradable plastic: a kind of plastic that can be dissolved in water because of the addition of absorbent substances.

可降（jiàng）解塑料怎麽來的呢？

How did degradable plastics come from?

來路一：

Way 1:

隨著工業技術的發展，從石油（yóu）、天然（rán）氣等（děng）石化資源中重新提煉出的可（kě）降解材料，用於可降（jiàng）解塑料的原料。這類與傳統（tǒng）塑料可以說是同宗同源，不（bú）同的是這類塑料是可以降解的。

With the development of industrial technology, degradable materials refined from petroleum, natural gas and other petrochemical resources are used as raw materials for degradable plastics. This kind of plastic and traditional plastic can be said to be of the same origin, but the difference is that this kind of plastic can be degraded.

比如我們（men）常見的“PBAT”。

For example, our common "PBAT".

PBAT屬於熱塑性可降解塑料，一般以脂肪族酸（suān）、丁二醇（chún）為（wéi）原料，經石化（huà）途徑或生物發酵途徑生產，既有（yǒu）較（jiào）好（hǎo）的延（yán）展性和斷裂伸長（zhǎng）率，也有較好的耐熱性和衝擊性能。由於PBAT的成膜性（xìng）能良好，易於吹膜，廣泛用於一次性包裝膜及農膜（mó）領域。

PBAT is a thermoplastic degradable plastic, which is generally produced from aliphatic acid and butanediol through petrochemical or biological fermentation. It has good ductility and elongation at break, as well as good heat resistance and impact properties. PBAT is widely used in the field of disposable packaging film and agricultural film due to its good film-forming performance and easy blowing.

此外，PBAT還具有優良（liáng）的生物降解（jiě）性，是可降解塑料研究中的主要研究對象，也是目（mù）前市場應用好降解材料之一。

In addition, PBAT also has excellent biodegradability, which is the main research object of degradable plastics, and is also one of the best degradable materials in the market at present.

來路二：

Way 2:

科學家們從生物質資源（如植（zhí）物纖（xiān）維、澱粉等）提（tí）煉（liàn）出（chū）來的可降解材料，用於可降解塑料的原料。比如我們常聽人提（tí）到的“PLA”和“PHA”。那什麽是“PLA”和“PHA”呢？

The biodegradable materials extracted by scientists from biomass resources (such as plant fiber, starch, etc.) are used as raw materials for degradable plastics. For example, we often hear about "PLA" and "PHA". What are "PLA" and "PHA"?

PLA還具有可靠的生（shēng）物性、生（shēng）物可降解（jiě）性、良好的（de）力學性能和易加工性，廣泛用於包裝、紡織行業、農用地膜（mó）和生物（wù）醫用高分子等行業。

PLA also has reliable biosesafety, biodegradability, good mechanical properties and easy processing, and is widely used in packaging, textile industry, agricultural film and biomedical polymer industries.

PHA可降解（jiě）塑料是細菌在生長條件不平衡時的產（chǎn）物。在眾（zhòng）多可降解塑料中（zhōng），PHA的降解（jiě）方式是特別（bié）的，可以（yǐ）在生物體內完全降（jiàng）解成β-羥基丁酸、二氧化碳（tàn）和水。

PHA degradable plastic is the product of bacteria under unbalanced growth conditions. Among many degradable plastics, PHA can be completely degraded into β- Hydroxybutyric acid, carbon dioxide and water.

PHA類（lèi）可降解塑（sù）料熱變形溫度高、具有（yǒu）良（liáng）好的生物相容性，但加工溫度範圍窄、熱穩定性（xìng）差、脆性大、生（shēng）產質量不穩定，可用於一次性用品、醫療器械手術服、包裝袋和（hé）堆肥袋、醫用（yòng）縫線、修（xiū）複裝置、繃（bēng）帶、骨科針、防粘連膜及支架等（děng）領域。

PHA degradable plastic has high thermal deformation temperature and good biocompatibility, but its processing temperature range is narrow, thermal stability is poor, brittleness is large, and production quality is unstable. It can be used in disposable articles, medical instruments and surgical clothing, packaging bags and compost bags, medical sutures, repair devices, bandages, orthopedic needles, anti-adhesion film and stent and other fields.

在這裏我們需要注意：塑料是（shì）否可（kě）生物降解，跟塑料由哪種原料製成沒有必然關係。不是所有生物基塑料都是可生物降解塑料，生（shēng）物基塑料同樣（yàng）也有不可降解的。更多相關內容就來我們網站（zhàn）https://www.shuiniguan.com谘詢！

Here we need to note that whether plastics are biodegradable or not is not necessarily related to which raw materials plastics are made from. Not all bio-based plastics are biodegradable, and bio-based plastics are also non-biodegradable. Come to our website for more relevant content https://www.shuiniguan.com consulting service