玉米（mǐ）澱粉顆粒基本的結構特點如何看出（chū）？

玉米澱粉顆粒基本的結構特點（diǎn）是由厚度（dù）在（zài）100～400nm的無定形層與結晶層交替組成（chéng）的天然多晶體係，這樣的結構被稱為輪（lún）紋結構。

The basic structural feature of corn starch granules is a natural polycrystalline system consisting of an amorphous layer and a crystalline layer with a thickness of 100-400 nm. Such a structure is known as the wheel structure.

通常結晶區約為顆粒體積的15%～30%，而無定形區的構造今還沒有（yǒu）較好的確定方法。結晶區和無定形區間（jiān）無明確的分（fèn）界線，變化是漸進的。由於可（kě）見光偏振取決於可見光的波長（zhǎng）順序（100～1000nm），因（yīn）此支（zhī）鏈澱粉的徑向組織方式被認為是造成光偏振的原因。

Generally, the crystalline area is about 15%~30% of the particle volume, while the structure of the amorphous area has not been well determined yet. There is no clear boundary between the crystalline zone and the amorphous zone, and the change is gradual. Because the polarization of visible light depends on the wavelength order of visible light (100~1000 nm), the radial structure of amylopectin is considered to be the cause of light polarization.

從更高層次的分子排（pái）列來看，X射線衍射法研究（jiū）表明顆（kē）粒（lì）內部存在9～10nm的片段。可以（yǐ）歸因於顆粒內部交替出現的結（jié）晶層與無定形層，並通過側鏈的簇狀結構形（xíng）成，從支鏈放射狀的地方分（fèn）叉。這也是澱粉（fěn）顆粒共有的特點，與澱粉來源無（wú）關。

From a higher level of molecular arrangement, X-ray diffraction shows that there are 9~10 nm fragments in the particles. It can be attributed to the alternating crystal layer and amorphous layer inside the particles, which are formed through the cluster structure of the side chain and bifurcate from the radial part of the branch chain. This is also a common characteristic of starch granules, which has nothing to do with the source of starch.

不同來源的澱粉顆粒具有相應的特征顆粒形貌，如圖11所示，有球（qiú）形、橢球形、多角形、片（piàn）狀及不規則管（guǎn）狀。在偏光顯微鏡下觀察，會呈現偏光十字或馬耳他十字，這是澱粉粒（lì）具有晶體結（jié）構的重要標誌。雙折射性是由於澱粉粒的高度（dù）有序性（方向性）所引起的，高度有序的物質都有雙折射性。

Starch particles from different sources have corresponding characteristic particle morphology, as shown in Figure 11, including spherical, ellipsoidal, polygonal, flaky and irregular tubular. When observed under a polarizing microscope, there will be a polarizing cross or a Malta cross, which is an important sign of the crystal structure of starch granules. Birefringence is caused by the high order (directionality) of starch particles. Highly ordered substances have birefringence.

澱粉偏光十字的存在證（zhèng）明了澱粉的球晶結構的存在，表明微（wēi）晶的主軸是徑向的。而瘦長形顆粒的兩極及中線區域的偏光十字沒有變化，說明微晶其微小（xiǎo）並呈現多向性,十字的交叉點位於粒（lì）心，因此（cǐ）可以進行粒心的定（dìng）位。

The existence of polarized cross of starch proves the existence of spherical structure of starch, indicating that the main axis of microcrystals is radial. However, the polarized cross of the two poles and the central line of the thin and elongated particles does not change, indicating that the microcrystals are small and multi-directional, and the intersection of the cross is located at the center of the particles, so the center of the particles can be located.

不同（tóng）種類澱粉粒的偏光十字的位（wèi）置、形狀和明顯程度不同，可依此（cǐ）鑒別澱粉種（zhǒng）類。例（lì）如（rú），馬鈴薯和綠豆澱粉的偏光十（shí）字比較明顯，而大米澱粉明顯程度稍（shāo）差。鏈澱粉含量與（yǔ）顆粒形態特征方麵存在直接相關（guān）性。鏈澱粉含量越高，玉米澱粉中能找到的長（zhǎng）條狀顆粒（lì）越多。不同來源的澱粉粒徑不同，一般分布在0.1～200.0m之間。更多相關（guān）內容就來我們網站https://www.shuiniguan.com谘詢（xún）了（le）解吧！

The position, shape and apparent degree of the polarized cross of different types of starch grains are different, so the starch types can be identified according to this. For example, the polarizing cross of potato and mung bean starch is relatively obvious, while the apparent degree of rice starch is slightly poor. There is a direct correlation between amylose content and particle morphology. The higher the content of amylose, the more elongated particles can be found in corn starch. The grain size of starch from different sources is different, and generally distributed between 0.1 and 200.0m. Come to our website for more relevant content https://www.shuiniguan.com Ask about it!